Types of correction
Not all errors require the same response. Three categories apply:
- Minor fixes. Typographical errors, broken hyperlinks, formatting problems and similar issues that do not affect the substantive meaning of the content. These are corrected silently as soon as they are identified.
- Substantive corrections. Errors that change or materially affect the meaning of an analysis — for example, a misquoted figure, an incorrect source attribution, a flawed inference or an outdated statistic presented as current. These are corrected with a dated note on the affected page and an entry in the corrections log below.
- Retractions. Where a core claim in an article cannot be supported and cannot be corrected without invalidating the article's conclusions, the piece is marked as retracted with a clear dated notice. Retracted content is not silently deleted.
How corrections are handled
When a substantive correction is made, the affected article is updated as follows:
- The article's "last updated" date is changed to reflect the date of correction.
- A dated correction note is added at the top or foot of the article, identifying what was wrong and what has changed.
- An entry is added to the corrections log on this page, with the article title, the date of the original publication, the date of correction, and a brief description of what changed.
The original text is not preserved alongside the corrected text unless its retention is necessary to understand the correction. The goal is clarity, not archaeology.
Corrections log
No corrections have been issued to date (as of 14 June 2026). When corrections are made, they will be listed here.
Reporting an error
If you believe something on this site is incorrect — a misquoted figure, a broken inference, an out-of-date source, an undisclosed interest or any other substantive error — please email:
It helps to include:
- The URL of the page concerned.
- The specific claim or passage you believe to be incorrect.
- The basis for your concern — a source, a calculation or a description of the error.
Every substantive report will be reviewed and acknowledged. Where the report identifies a genuine error, a correction will be made and the reporter acknowledged (unless they prefer otherwise).