The work
Dr Darrin Baines's research asks how technology changes what pharmacy can do. Over a decade of papers and conference presentations, he built a framework for thinking about production, productivity and technology in pharmacy practice, set out what the Fourth Industrial Revolution means for the profession, and examined how mobile, telehealth and monitoring technologies used in pharmacy settings are actually evaluated.
Key publications
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy
The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Will it change pharmacy practice? most cited
Human Resources for Health
Conceptualising production, productivity and technology in pharmacy practice
Frontiers in Pharmacology
A scoping review of evaluations of mobile health, telehealth, smart pump and monitoring technologies in pharmacy
The impact
Over 100 citations
Over 100 citations on OpenAlex across his three main pharmacy technology papers, with 57 on the Fourth Industrial Revolution paper alone. His work is cited internationally, across pharmacy practice, health informatics and technology research.
Researchers who cite the Fourth Industrial Revolution paper include
Florence Ranchon
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France, on AI tools for clinical pharmacy in the International Journal of Medical Informatics
Rafaella de Oliveira Santos Silva
Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil, on digital pharmacists in the International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
Alice Melocchi
University of Milan, Italy, on 3D printing of medicines in the International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Nataly Martini
University of Auckland, New Zealand, on the future of pharmacy work in Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy
Marek Ćwiklicki
Krakow University of Economics, Poland, on healthcare and the fourth industrial revolution in Futures
Why this is authority
This is a decade of work on one question — technology and productivity in pharmacy — led by him as first author on each of these papers, and now cited by pharmacy researchers in France, Brazil, Italy, New Zealand and beyond in their own published studies. His framework gives the field a way to think about the problem. That is a genuine, verifiable form of expertise, recognised by peers, and it is machine-readable, so search engines and AI can check it directly.